In chemistry, a burette is a laboratory apparatus used to dispense and measure variable amounts of liquid or gas within the chemical and industrial testing, especially for the titration process in volumetric analysis.
A burette consists of a graduated glass tube with a stopcock (turning plug/spigot) at one end. The precise amount of liquid dispensed can be determined by the volume marking given on the glass tube surface.
Titration
Titration is a method of chemical analysis that involves measuring a known volume of a solution. It can be performed in various ways, but the most common methods are acid-base, precipitation, complexometric, and redox titrations.
To start a titration, a precise amount of analyte is added to a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask. Small volumes of the titrant are then added drop by drop until an indicator changes color.
When the indicator changes color, it represents that the reaction has come to an endpoint. This is usually the point at which the analyte and titrant moles have reached an equivalence point.
The titrant and analyte solutions are then combined together in a calibrated burette. The titrant is added drop by drop until the indicator changes color in response to its saturation threshold, or until it reaches the equivalence point.
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Measurement of Alkali
Alkali is a substance that contains a lot of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. When we add acid to an alkali we are changing the balance of these ions and obtaining a neutral solution.
We can measure the concentration of an acid or alkali by titration, using an indicator and a burette to deliver the acid and alkali to the flask. The indicator will change color depending on the pH of the solution and you can then use a scale to work out the concentration of the acid or alkali.
Titrations are carried out with a titration pipette and a conical flask. Start by adding two or three drops of indicator to the conical flask, open the burette tap and fill the burette with sodium hydroxide. Swirl the acid and alkali in the conical flask to mix them and stop adding acid when the indicator changes color.
We can also use a digital burette to measure the amount of liquid added. The barrel and plunger are made of glass or resistant plastic and the volume is shown on a digital display.
Measurement of Acids
Acids are chemicals that split up in the water, producing one or more hydrogen ions and one or more hydroxide ions. This is different from bases, which are the opposite, and produce hydroxide ions instead of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
When a chemist wants to measure the concentration of an acid or base in an unknown solution, she performs a procedure called titration. This involves using a burette and pipette to deliver a precise amount of the solution in a conical flask.
After filling the burette up to a certain point, she places the flask underneath that contains the analyte (the solution she is trying to titrate). An indicator is then added to this solution in order to detect the end of the titration.
When the indicator changes color, the flow of acid is stopped. This is called the endpoint, and is also referred to as the equivalence point for the titration.
Measurement of Gases
The accurate measurement of gases in burette chemistry is essential. This is particularly the case when determining the kinetics of reactions that produce gaseous products.
In chemistry, volume measurements are made with graduated glass tubes called burettes. These are precisely manufactured and allow liquid to be delivered through a stopcock and the volume measured.
There are different types of burettes based on their size, resolution, and accuracy. These can be made from either glass or plastic and can be used for a range of liquids including alkalis, acids, reagents, etc.
In chemistry, a burette is a laboratory apparatus used to dispense and measure variable amounts of liquid or gas within the chemical and industrial testing, especially for the titration process in volumetric analysis.
A burette consists of a graduated glass tube with a stopcock (turning plug/spigot) at one end. The precise amount of liquid dispensed can be determined by the volume marking given on the glass tube surface.
Students must ensure the burette is clean before use. If it is dirty, this may result in poor readings.
It is also essential to keep the bottom of the meniscus in contact with the mark when reading a buret to avoid parallax error, especially with colored solutions. It is best to use a piece of white paper behind the scale for this purpose.
It is also necessary to check that there are no air bubbles in the jet of a buret as these can be trapped and increase a reading. It is possible to remove these by shaking the buret up and down firmly.
