Diarrhoea Symptoms: When to Be Concerned

Diarrhoea is something most of us have dealt with at some point. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, food intolerances, or even stress. While it usually resolves on its own, sometimes it can indicate a more serious health issue. But how do you know when to just drink fluids and wait it out versus when to seek medical attention?

In this article, we’ll discuss diarrhoea symptoms in detail, explore the possible causes, and help you understand when it’s time to be concerned.

What is Diarrhoea?

Diarrhoea is defined as having loose, watery stools more frequently than usual. It can last for a day or two (acute diarrhoea) or persist for weeks (chronic diarrhoea), which may indicate an underlying medical condition.

Common Diarrhoea Symptoms

The symptoms of diarrhoea can vary depending on the cause. The most common symptoms of diarrhoea include:

• Frequent, watery stools – The most obvious sign of diarrhoea is the need to use the bathroom more often than usual, with stools that are loose or watery.
• Abdominal cramps and pain – Many people experience stomach pain or cramping due to irritation in the digestive system.
• Bloating and gas – Excessive gas and bloating often accompany diarrhoea, making you feel uncomfortable.
• Nausea and vomiting – Some cases of diarrhoea come with nausea or vomiting, which can make it harder to stay hydrated.
• Urgency to use the restroom – A sudden, uncontrollable need to go can be a common and distressing symptom.
• Fever and chills – If diarrhoea is caused by an infection, you may also experience fever and chills.

While most diarrhoea symptoms are mild and resolve on their own, there are cases where medical attention is necessary.

When Should You Be Concerned?

Mild diarrhoea usually isn’t a cause for concern, but some situations require immediate medical attention. Here’s when you should take diarrhoea symptoms seriously:

1. If Diarrhoea Persists Beyond Two Days

If your diarrhoea lasts more than 48 hours without improvement, it could indicate an infection, food poisoning, or an underlying digestive disorder. Chronic diarrhoea lasting more than four weeks could point to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

2. Signs of Severe Dehydration

Diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, especially if it’s accompanied by vomiting. Watch out for these warning signs:

• Dry mouth and extreme thirst
• Little to no urination or dark yellow urine
• Dizziness, weakness, or confusion
• Rapid heartbeat or breathing
• Dry skin with no sweat

Severe dehydration can be dangerous, particularly for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

3. Presence of Blood or Mucus in Stool

If you notice blood in your stool, whether bright red or dark and tarry, it could indicate a bacterial infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or other gastrointestinal conditions that require urgent medical evaluation. Similarly, mucus in the stool can signal an infection or a chronic condition like Crohn’s disease.

4. High Fever Accompanying Diarrhoea

If your diarrhoea symptoms come with a fever above 102°F (38.9°C), you could have a bacterial or viral infection that needs treatment.

5. Severe Abdominal Pain

Mild cramping is common with diarrhoea, but severe or persistent abdominal pain could be a sign of appendicitis, pancreatitis, or another serious condition.

6. Recent Travel to High-Risk Areas

If you’ve traveled to a country or region with poor sanitation, you may have contracted a parasitic or bacterial infection that requires medical treatment.

7. Diarrhoea in Infants, Young Children, or the Elderly

Babies, young children, and older adults are at a higher risk of complications from diarrhoea, particularly dehydration. Seek medical attention immediately if they show signs of severe diarrhoea.

What Causes Diarrhoea?

There are several potential causes of diarrhoea, including:

• Infections – Bacteria (such as E. coli, salmonella), viruses (like norovirus, rotavirus), and parasites can cause diarrhoea.
• Food poisoning – Contaminated or spoiled food can lead to diarrhoea.
• Food intolerances and allergies – Lactose intolerance and gluten sensitivity are common causes.
• Medications – Antibiotics, laxatives, and some cancer treatments can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, leading to diarrhoea.
• Digestive disorders – Conditions like IBS, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis can cause chronic diarrhoea.
• Stress and anxiety – The gut and brain are connected, and emotional distress can sometimes trigger diarrhoea.

How to Manage Diarrhoea at Home

If your diarrhoea symptoms are mild, you can take steps to recover at home.

1. Stay Hydrated

The biggest risk with diarrhoea is dehydration. Drink plenty of water, oral rehydration solutions (ORS), coconut water, or clear broths. Avoid sugary drinks, caffeine, and alcohol, as they can worsen dehydration.

2. Follow the BRAT Diet

The BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast) is easy on the stomach and can help firm up stools. Other bland foods like boiled potatoes, plain crackers, and boiled carrots can also help. Avoid dairy, spicy, fried, and high-fiber foods until your digestion stabilises.

3. Get Enough Rest

Your body needs time to recover, so ensure you get plenty of rest. Stress and exhaustion can make symptoms worse.

4. Try Probiotics

Probiotics, found in yogurt and supplements, help restore the balance of gut bacteria and may shorten the duration of diarrhoea.

5. Use Medications Cautiously

Over-the-counter medications like loperamide (Imodium) can help control diarrhoea, but they should not be used if an infection is suspected. If diarrhoea is due to bacteria, stopping bowel movements may actually prolong the illness. Always consult a doctor before taking medication.

How to Prevent Diarrhoea

Taking preventive measures can reduce your chances of getting diarrhoea.

• Practice good hygiene – Wash your hands regularly, especially before eating or preparing food.
• Be mindful of what you eat and drink – Avoid raw or undercooked foods and only drink clean, filtered water.
• Take precautions while traveling – If you’re traveling to a high-risk area, avoid street food and only drink bottled or boiled water.
• Manage stress levels – Since stress can impact digestion, practicing relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation can help.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Diarrhoea lasting more than 48 hours
• Signs of severe dehydration
• Blood in your stool
• High fever (above 102°F)
• Persistent vomiting
• Severe abdominal pain

If you have an underlying health condition or weakened immune system, don’t wait—consult a doctor early.

Conclusion

Diarrhoea is common and usually resolves on its own, but it’s important to recognise when it signals something more serious. If your diarrhoea symptoms persist, are severe, or come with concerning signs like blood in the stool or dehydration, seek medical attention immediately.

Having a good health insurance plan can provide peace of mind in such situations. Niva Bupa health insurance ensures that you have access to quality healthcare without financial stress. Being prepared with the right insurance coverage can help you manage unexpected health concerns with ease.